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Pruning consists of a range of interventions aimed at modifying the natural way to grow and bear fruit a plant .

It is not only cesori interventions, but also changes the position of the branches, and other interventions such as treatment with growth regulators that modify the cuts in the same way the habitus of the plant or its parts the so-called "chemical pruning." Even if they are possible pruning plants grasses (eg topping tobacco), the pruning is normally carried out on fruit trees and ornamental plants.

pruning is proposed to modify the plant to achieve a number of objectives: - to give the plan a form suitable for optimum utilization of light (but also to facilitate the cultivation) - Acceleration of the development of young trees to reach the final as soon as the skeleton and the entry into production - achieving a balance crown / roots and vegetative phase / stage of breeding, producing high, constant quality - to ensure that the plants adapt agricultural fertility; - to extend the production cycle senescent plants.

The interventions provided by pruning are:
- Removal: removal with a clean cut at the base of branches, twigs and buds
- Topping: elimination of the terminal nodes of a branch (pruning)
- trimming " : elimination of the terminal nodes of a branch (winter pruning)
- Suckering: elimination of adventitious buds on the trunk
- shortens removal of a portion more or less than the distal part of a branch
- Speronatura "shortening that leaves only the proximal 2-3 knots
- Topping: shortening affecting the main branches or trunk of the plant
- Spollonatura: removal suckers
- Thinning means removing flowers, fruit or branches deemed supernumerary
- Peeling: elimination of a part of the leaves
- Decortication ring: a ring of bark removed to facilitate the apex of the fruiting branch
- nick: are charged two V-shaped cuts above a bud to remove part of the cortex and promote the release of a bud
- Engraving: consists of a cut is deepened until the '

sapwood in order to weaken the force growing fruit trees in
- Unbreakable: partial rupture of excessively vigorous branches to force them to bear fruit
- Carving: number of cuttings obtained with a saw blade to tilt thick branches of large
- Bending: there are no cuts, but the bending arc of branches where you want to slow the development of vegetation
- Inclination: there are no cuts, except for industries or large branches (see the notch), but the inclination of the class without bending to facilitate the issuance of new branches
- Spread: there are no cuts but the use of spreaders for a right angle of the branches
- Bending: there are no cuts, but the downward inclination of a branch to slow vegetative growth
- twist: there are no cuts, but the partial rotation of one arm around its axis with a partial rupture timber vessels and stimulation to bear fruit

The tools used in pruning are manual or pneumatic scissors, saw, the dark (in the case of ' Olive ) and recently the mechanized pruner for specialty crops (such as Screw )

Pruning is distinguished by purpose and the season in which it is done, remember to follow the most used:

Pruning of breeding or training: practiced with the intent to give the young plants form optimal for the rational exploitation of space and light

pruning or production practiced with the intent to encourage the growth of branches that bear flowers or fruit to improve quality, and to keep right balance between productive activity and vegetative plant

pruning transplant performed in late winter, when the planting of the crop, remove damaged roots, twisted or ill-prepared and for cutting or trimming are integral to the height of the scaffold

Pruning for reform or reconstruction: performed when the need arises change the shape of a tree, no longer deemed suitable for production (such as the adoption of machinery for mechanized harvesting of fruit) or ornamental

rejuvenation pruning: practiced with the intention to renew the plants become senescent with a drastic reduction of the crown with the topping, in order to get new jets will replace the aged branches

Pruning reorganization or Rimonda: practiced for removing parts of dried foliage, broken or damaged by pests

Pruning
winter practiced to enable the vegetation by cutting more or less severe depending on the purpose

or summer pruning: performed during the growing season in order to depress the vigor of some parts of the plant in favor of other, with tailing operations, Suckering, sfemminellatura, thinning of fruitlets, sbottonatura of floral buttons, trimming, spollonatura , etc. ..

- Pruning in forestry practiced on:
- Rami green: for the lifting of the crown, in

Conifers talking about spalcatura '; CONFIRMED species is not difficult to heal as Beech ol ' Spruce and older plants
- Deadwood: charged in ' Arboriculture for wood to avoid the incorporation of the stumps of the branches in the wood, to prevent the formation of nodes and the consequent depreciation of commercial forestry in is sometimes practiced in order to improve conditions brightness of the forest and to mitigate the dangers of fire and pest attacks

Source: Wikipedia.org