Forestry (or forestry) is the science of planting, cultivation and use of forests .
Forestry in the strict sense does all of that set of actions ranging from cuts to cuts intercalary regeneration which allow the cultivation of the forest ensuring its renewability, the harvesting intensity that it yields is evaluated in terms of sustainability , or a weighted exploitation of a renewable resource that is maintained, in which it differs from the so-called "use of greed" that does not consider these (fundamental) ecological aspects . It follows then that forestry is a complex science that rests on the practical and theoretical ecology Dendrometry , the ' Auxology , utilization and bedding (which estimate the quantity taken, the dynamics of populations, manage estimating the wood work, etc. ..)
Forestry has ancient origins and the techniques that have been proposed many changes over time. Department foresters, it is worth remembering, were the brothers of monastic orders (such as the Benedictines who grew fir forests of the Apennines for purposes building ) To date, there is generally a reduction of silvicultural rigorous application and a greater natural tendency, or to favor using the natural dynamics of the forestry vegetation. Renewal natural biodiversity , sustainability and multifunctionality are very modern issues today that have led to greater consideration of the so-called natural forestry.
Forestry in the narrow sense is usually divided into forestry in general and special forestry.
Forestry General studies the relationships between the forest and the environment in which it lives, the evolution of the forest, how to plant, the renovation of the forest and the use of the mature stand.
In forestry we study the special ecological and cultural techniques of individual forest tree species.
should be distinguished also by forestry ' trees for wood, which deals with industrial tree plantations for commercial purposes.
Forestry therefore is based on scientific knowledge of the balance and characteristics of forest ecosystems, whether natural or man-made, so that we can speak of: forestry wildlife that deals with the conservation of the forest ecosystem, to keep as close as possible to natural ones, by making the main purpose of the levy the amount and quality of timber for commercial uses, while we talk about forestry agronomic referring to technical discipline that seeks to reconcile economic needs aimed at maximizing production yield in wood volume of the forest with the needs of maintaining the balance of ecological, geological and environmental aspects of forests.
Forestry naturalist
Forestry Nature does all that series of cultural practices that promote the natural dynamics of the forest.
The key forestry nature are
- natural regeneration
- biodiversity
- sustainability
- multifunctionality of forest
- use of native species
In particular, the forestry natural means flexibility in the use of cultivation techniques in order to address case by case situations to manage.
The first great theorist of this forestry was the German Karl Gayer, that a treaty of 1878 emphasizes the importance of stability of the forest and the diversity of the same, that would result in elasticity treatments. Tuna
final push this philosophy and culture was given by the new scientific views of the early twentieth century, particularly the ecosystem approach (holistic) with regard to the forest and all generis elements of the territory, seen as interacting ecosystems them, both by cultural causes, such as sensitivity environmental issues developed since the '70s, both contingent causes: in Italy these causes are represented by the abandonment of the countryside since the early 60's during the urbanization resulting in invasion of the former pasture and forest areas first cultivated, and the abandonment of classical silviculture that has triggered the return of forest vegetation potential and the dynamics of afforestation made in the '20s - '70 reached maturity.
Today, all these factors, and increasingly sensitive to the natural vocation of the environment supported by public opinion provided the basis for forestry nature.
Source: Wikipedia.org
